Terminología esencial para biohackers, profesionales de la salud y entusiastas del rendimiento. Cada término explicado con contexto práctico.
Natural substances (herbs and mushrooms) that help the body resist physical, chemical, and biological stressors. Examples include ashwagandha, rhodiola rosea, and lion's mane.
The body's cellular cleanup process that removes damaged components and recycles them. Activated by fasting, exercise, and certain compounds. Won the 2016 Nobel Prize in Physiology.
A protein that supports the growth, survival, and differentiation of neurons. Increased by exercise, fasting, and certain supplements like lion's mane.
The proportion of a substance that enters circulation and can have an active effect. Critical factor in supplement selection — liposomal and chelated forms often have higher bioavailability.
The body's internal 24-hour clock that regulates sleep-wake cycles, hormone release, and metabolism. Disruption linked to obesity, diabetes, and mood disorders.
Proteins activated by cold exposure that have neuroprotective effects and may help clear misfolded proteins linked to neurodegenerative diseases. Released during cold water immersion.
A scale from 0-100 that ranks carbohydrate-containing foods by how quickly they raise blood glucose levels. Low-GI foods promote stable energy and better metabolic health.
Molecular chaperones activated by heat stress (sauna, exercise) that protect cells from damage, assist in protein folding, and have anti-inflammatory effects.
The biological phenomenon where a mild stressor (cold exposure, exercise, fasting) triggers beneficial adaptive responses. The foundation of many biohacking protocols.
The variation in time between consecutive heartbeats. Higher HRV indicates better autonomic nervous system function and resilience to stress. Key biohacking metric tracked by devices like Oura Ring and WHOOP.
An eating pattern that cycles between periods of fasting and eating. Common protocols include 16:8, 20:4, and OMAD (one meal a day). Benefits include autophagy and improved insulin sensitivity.
A metabolic state where the body primarily burns fat for fuel instead of carbohydrates, producing ketone bodies. Achieved through very low-carb diets or extended fasting.
A biochemical process involving the transfer of methyl groups that regulates gene expression, detoxification, and neurotransmitter production. MTHFR gene variants can affect methylation efficiency.
The community of trillions of microorganisms living in the gut. Influences digestion, immunity, mood, and even weight. Diversity is key — supported by fiber, fermented foods, and prebiotics.
A coenzyme essential for cellular energy production and DNA repair. Levels decline with age. Precursors like NMN and NR are popular longevity supplements.
Substances that enhance cognitive function including memory, focus, creativity, and motivation. Range from caffeine and L-theanine to racetams and peptides.
A class of compounds that selectively eliminate senescent (zombie) cells that accumulate with age and drive inflammation. Fisetin and quercetin are natural senolytics under research.
Protective caps at the ends of chromosomes that shorten with age. Telomere length is considered a biomarker of biological aging. Lifestyle factors like exercise and stress management can slow shortening.
The maximum rate of oxygen consumption during exercise. Considered the gold standard for cardiovascular fitness and one of the strongest predictors of longevity.
Low-intensity cardio performed at 60-70% of max heart rate. Primarily burns fat, improves mitochondrial function, and is the foundation of endurance. Peter Attia's most recommended exercise modality.